Huabing Li

Attributing Liability in AI-Integrated Legal Services

Working paper, 2026

When an AI tool gives a lawyer or a client wrong legal advice, who should pay? AI providers write almost all liability out of their terms of use, and under a fault-based rule they could pass off preventable errors as unavoidable hallucinations. This paper argues that they should instead be strictly liable, with a defence for careless users, and that the EU’s revised Product Liability Directive can already be read this way.

Four routes to legal clients: general-purpose AI directly, lawyers using it, lawyers using legal AI built on it, and lawyers alone.general-purpose AIlegal AIlawyersclients

Cite

Li, Huabing. 2026. “Attributing Liability in AI-Integrated Legal Services.” Working paper.

BibTeX
@unpublished{li2026ailiability,
  author = {Li, Huabing},
  title = {{Attributing Liability in AI-Integrated Legal Services}},
  note = {Working paper},
  year = {2026}
}